“泥人刘”：让传统文化不传统地出圈
地处望城区湘江东岸的铜官，是驰名中外的唐代长沙窑窑址区。出生于1993年的刘嘉豪从小就喜欢玩泥巴、做泥人，但他没有选择家族传承的泥塑技艺，而是自建全省第一个现代无烟柴窑，想要通过这种方式做出更多创新的、打破大众对铜官窑刻板印象的作品。
Tongguan, located on the east bank of the Xiangjiang River in Wangcheng District, is the renowned site of the Changsha Kiln in the Tang Dynasty. Liu Jiahao, born in 1993, has been fond of playing with mud and making clay figurines since childhood. However, instead of choosing the clay sculpture technique passed down in his family,he established the first modern smokeless wood kiln in Hunan Province. He hopes to create more innovative works through this method, breaking the public's stereotypical impression of Tongguan Kiln.
从没有烧出一件满意的作品到如今拥有“泥人刘”第四代传人、长沙窑铜官陶瓷烧制技艺省级非遗代表性传承人、“湖湘青年英才”等一系列头衔，刘嘉豪正竭己所能让陶器重回千家万户。“创新也是传承，只有迎合更多人的需求，让更多人喜爱，我们的传承之路才能走得更长远。”
From failing to produce a satisfactory work to now having a series of titles such as the fourth-generation inheritor of "Clay Figurine Liu", a provincial-level representative inheritor of the Tongguan ceramic firing technique of Changsha Kiln, and a "Huxiang Young Talent", Liu Jiahao is doing his best to bring pottery back to thousands of households. "Innovation is also a form of inheritance. Only by meeting the needs of more people and making more people like it can our inheritance path be more sustainable," he said.
自建全省第一个无烟柴窑
Establishing first smokeless wood kiln in Hunan Province
北有“天津泥人张”，南有“望城泥人刘”。刘嘉豪出生在陶艺世家，曾祖父是工艺美术大师刘子振，父亲则是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目长沙窑铜官陶瓷烧制技艺的代表性传承人刘坤庭。
In the north, there is "Clay Figurine Zhang of Tianjin", and in the south, there is "Clay Figurine Liu of Wangcheng". Liu Jiahao was born into a family with a profound tradition in pottery art, his great-grandfather was Liu Zizhen, a master of arts and crafts, and his father is Liu Kunting, a representative inheritor of the Tongguan ceramic firing technique of the Changsha Kiln, a representative project of the national intangible cultural heritage.
“从小耳濡目染让我对制陶事业充满兴趣。”喜欢速写、本科学习动画设计专业的刘嘉豪表示，大二时，自己去景德镇观摩过一次柴烧的“窑变”，那种充满未知的变化过程令人念念不忘。他认为，铜官窑瓷器完全可以和现代柴烧技艺有机结合，便与几位朋友在学校开设陶艺工作室，之后又创办了全省第一个现代无烟柴窑，让老手艺拥有了新个性。
"Growing up surrounded by it made me full of interest in the pottery-making business," said Liu Jiahao, who likes sketching and majored in animation design at the undergraduate level. He said that during his sophomore year, he went to Jingdezhen to observe the "kiln transformation" of wood firing. That process full of uncertainties left a deep impression on him. He believed that the porcelain of the Tongguan Kiln could be organically integrated with modern wood firing techniques. Thus, he opened a pottery studio at school with several friends. Later, he established the first modern smokeless wood kiln in Hunan Province, giving the old craft new characteristics.
虽然找到了创新的方向，但由于手头几乎没有任何资料，起初光研究柴窑温度就耗费了刘嘉豪不少时间。烧制过程中，投柴的频率决定了窑内的温度，太急或太慢都会影响陶器呈现的质感。
Although he found the direction of innovation, due to having almost no materials at hand, it took Liu Jiahao a lot of time to study the temperature of the wood kiln at the beginning. During the firing process, the frequency of adding firewood determines the temperature inside the kiln. Being too hasty or too slow will affect the texture of the pottery.
曾经有半年时间，刘嘉豪没有烧出一件满意的作品，“记得我第一次烧窑，一年整整有四窑，里面所有的器物都是报废的。”
There was a period of half a year when Liu Jiahao didn't produce a satisfactory work. "I remember that when I fired the kiln for the first time, there were four firings in a whole year, and all the wares inside were scrapped."
“很多人都问过我为什么不沿袭老办法而是做柴烧，我觉得铜官窑不应该拘泥于老手艺，应该要有新的个性。为了使这项技艺长久健康地发展，我们必须在吸收精华的同时不断创新，用年轻人喜欢的方式推广传统文化。”刘嘉豪说。
"Many people have asked me why I don't follow the old methods but do wood firing. I think Tongguan Kiln should not be confined to old craftsmanship but should have new characteristics. To make this technique develop healthily and lastingly, we must keep innovating while absorbing the essence and promote traditional culture in a way that young people like," Liu Jiahao said.
以陶瓷产业助推乡村振兴
Boosting Rural Revitalization with the Ceramic Industry
作为唐代“海上陶瓷之路的重要支点”，铜官窑瓷器曾凭借彩瓷技艺在陶瓷发展史上独树一帜，鼎盛时期产品远销海外。然而受交通、战乱等因素影响，铜官窑在动荡中逐渐衰落，制作工艺和规模大不如前。近代以来，工业化生产更是对包括铜官窑在内的传统手工业造成了巨大冲击。
As an important fulcrum of the "Maritime Ceramic Road" in the Tang Dynasty, the porcelain of Tongguan Kiln once stood out in the history of ceramic development with its colored porcelain technique. During its heyday, its products were exported overseas. However, due to factors such as transportation and wars, Tongguan Kiln gradually declined during the turbulent times, and its production process and scale were much inferior to those in the past. In modern times, industrial production has had a huge impact on traditional handicrafts, including Tongguan Kiln.
近年来，乡村振兴成为时代发展的主旋律。作为一名基层党员，刘嘉豪认为：“乡村振兴需要各方努力以及产业依托。我们这里恰好有陶瓷产业，可以发展文旅观光和陶瓷制造。就像铜官老街，既传承了历史文化，扩大了铜官陶瓷的知名度，也让老百姓的生活富了起来。”
In recent years, rural revitalization has become the main theme of the era's development. As a grassroots Party member, Liu Jiahao believes that "Rural revitalization requires the efforts of all parties and the support of industries. We happen to have the ceramic industry here, and we can develop cultural tourism and ceramic manufacturing. Just like Tongguan Old Street, it not only inherits historical culture, expands the popularity of Tongguan ceramics, but also enriches the lives of the common people."
如今，许多陶艺工作室都进驻铜官老街开设陶瓷班和游客制陶体验项目，每逢周末和节假日，这里成了长沙市民周边短途出游的“香饽饽”。
Now, many pottery studios have settled in Tongguan Old Street and opened ceramic classes and pottery-making experience projects for tourists. During weekends and holidays, it has become a popular destination for short-distance trips around Changsha for local citizens.
与这些工作室一样，刘嘉豪也在用一技之长助力铜官发展。但他深知，想要扩大铜官陶瓷的影响力，单纯依靠线下销售渠道已经行不通，必须借助网络直播等新媒体传播渠道，让更多消费者了解铜官陶瓷文化和发展历史，进而提高产品销量。
Like these studios, Liu Jiahao is also using his expertise to help Tongguan develop. But he knows well that to expand the influence of Tongguan ceramics, relying solely on offline sales channels is no longer feasible. It is necessary to use new media communication channels such as live streaming to let more consumers understand the cultural and development history of Tongguan ceramics, thereby increasing product sales.
“我有50%以上的产品是通过互联网卖掉的。”他说，“在铜官老街，我们制作的小茶壶可以卖到上千元一把。烧制的数千个柴烧作品已经售罄，其中有不少来自国外的订单。”现在，他还与多家电商平台合作开展直播，带动陶瓷产品销售。
"More than 50% of my products are sold through the Internet," he said. "In Tongguan Old Street, the small teapots we make can be sold for thousands of yuan each. Thousands of wood-fired works we fired have been sold out, and there are many orders from abroad among them." Now, he also cooperates with several e-commerce platforms to carry out live streaming to drive the sales of ceramic products.
传承创新中坚定文化自信
Strengthening Cultural Confidence through Inheritance and Innovation
“铜官窑陶瓷盛行于唐代，那时的彩瓷上既有‘君生我未生，我生君已老’的东方浪漫，也有胡人乐舞的异域风情。”刘嘉豪感慨道，这表明当时的长沙是一个开放包容的地方，正是如此，铜官窑火才会传承千年经久不息。
"The ceramics of Tongguan Kiln were popular in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, on the colored porcelain, there were both the oriental romance of 'You were born before I was, and when I was born, you had already aged' and the exotic charm of the dancing of the Hu people," Liu Jiahao said with emotion. This shows that Changsha was an open and inclusive place at that time. It is precisely for this reason that the fire of Tongguan Kiln has been passed down for thousands of years.
“经过这几年的发展，我深刻感受到，在国货风潮日趋兴盛的当下，人们越来越关注手工艺产品，关注大国工匠及其背后反映的匠人精神。”他认为，只要守住匠心，铜官窑陶瓷烧制技艺未来还将迎来新的发展机遇。
"After these years of development, I deeply feel that with the rising trend of domestic products, people are paying more and more attention to handicraft products, as well as to master craftsmen and the spirit of craftsmanship reflected behind them." He believes that as long as the spirit of craftsmanship is maintained, the Tongguan Kiln ceramic firing technique will still embracenew development opportunities in the future.
从手工艺人的坚守到品牌化的转型，从非遗技艺的传承到文化自信的表达，带着融合、创新的思路，近年来，“泥人刘”广泛与博物馆、企业、新消费品牌联名，推出酒具、茶具、冰箱贴、扩香器等伴手礼和文创产品，成为文化创新的践行者。今年，他还与高校合作，通过3D打印等前沿技术研发创新产品。
From the perseverance of craftsmen to the transformation of branding, from the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage techniques to the expression of cultural confidence, with the ideas of integration and innovation, in recent years, "Clay Figurine Liu" has widely cooperated with museums, enterprises, and new consumer brands, launching souvenirs and cultural and creative products such as wine sets, tea sets, fridge magnets, and aroma diffusers, becoming a practitioner of cultural innovation. This year, Liu Jiahao has also cooperated with colleges and universities to develop innovative products through advanced technologies such as 3D printing.
为了让铜官窑被更多人熟知，刘嘉豪也会定期组织主题活动分享铜官窑独有的文化魅力。有关部门组织的对外文化交流活动，他也从不缺席。
To make the Tongguan Kiln more widely known, Liu Jiahao regularly organizes themed activities to share the unique cultural charm of the Tongguan Kiln. He has never missed the foreign cultural exchange activities organized by relevant departments.
现在，刘嘉豪的陶瓷文创市场板块年销售额已突破500万元，成为非遗与现代商业深度融合的典范。“我们的征途才刚刚开始。”刘嘉豪有信心也充满期待——希望可以通过努力，让家乡独有的制陶技艺和优秀传统文化名播远扬，为长沙、为国家的文化自信添上浓墨重彩的一笔。
Now, the annual sales volume of Liu Jiahao's ceramic cultural and creative market segment has exceeded 5 million yuan, setting an example for the in-depth integration of intangible cultural heritage and modern business. "Our journey has just begun." Liu Jiahao is confident and full of expectations. He hopes that through his efforts, the unique pottery-making technique and excellent traditional culture of his hometown can become well-known far and wide, adding a magnificent touch to the cultural confidence of Changsha and the country.
